Jet fuel (kerosene-type) is refined from crude oil — no commercial substitute at scale.
Singapore MOPS is the benchmark for Asia-Pacific aviation fuel pricing.
Gulf crude (Saudi, UAE, Iraq, Kuwait) supplies ~60% of Asian refinery feedstock.
Hormuz closure eliminates this supply, forcing refiners to compete for Atlantic basin crude at premium.
Previous record: $173/bbl (June 2022, post-Ukraine). Current crisis level exceeds Ukraine peak by 30%.
Airlines pass ~60-80% of fuel cost increases to passengers within 2-4 weeks.
Crack spread (jet fuel premium over crude) widens in crisis — refineries cannot increase kerosene yield fast enough.
Source: EIA / S&P Global Platts via IndexMundi. Original data $/gallon × 42 = $/barrel. Updated monthly. 71 data points since 2021-02-01.
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