Iron ore is the primary feedstock for steel production (1.6t ore → 1t steel). Hormuz link: indirect. Iron ore routes (Australia/Brazil→China) bypass Hormuz.
However: steel production requires coking coal + massive energy input.
Oil/gas spike → energy costs for steelmaking ↑ → construction/infrastructure costs ↑.
Iran is a significant iron ore exporter (~50 Mt/yr) — sanctions + Hormuz disrupt this.
China produces ~55% of global steel and imports ~70% of seaborne iron ore.
2021 peak: $220/dmt (China infrastructure boom). Normal: $80-120/dmt.
BDI (Baltic Dry Index) tracks Capesize vessels that carry iron ore — correlated indicators.
Source: World Bank Pink Sheet (monthly, 2010–present). Updated monthly. 286 data points since 2010-01-01.
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